➡️ Persecution of Catholic Christians during the 16th and 17th century
CATHOLIC PRIESTS SENT INTO PERPETUAL BANISHMENT IN 1606:
1606. This year no less than 47 priests were from different prisons sent into perpetual banishment: their names are record in the Douay Diary, as follows:
Thomas Bramston.
Philip Woodward.
Abraham Sutton.
William Singleton.
Silvester Norrice, D.D.
Richard Grisold.
Thomas Burscough.
Nicholas Jees.
Ralph Buckland.
George Stransham.
Francis Stafferton.
Francis Forster.
Thomas Flint.
Humphrey Meridale.
William Clarinet.
Thomas Hodson.
Thomas Thoresby.
William Arton.
Christopher Lassels.
Charles Newport.
Richard Newport.
John Lloyd.
Robert Blastard.
Edward Dawson.
John Copley.
Fulk Neville.
John Siclemore.
George Gervase.
Thomas Garnet.
James Blundel.
Thomas Laithwait.
Thomas Stanney.
Robert Bradshaw.
Thomas Green.
Thomas Butler.
Edward Collier.
Anthony Rouse.
John Roberts.
Robert Walsh.
N. Pierson.
John Hall.
Andrew White.
Henry Chatterton.
Hugh Whitall.
N. Nightingale.
John Starkey.
Simon Potinger.
And with them were banished two others not yet priests, viz. William Alabaster and Hugh Bowens. The same diary takes notice, December 23, that Thomas Bramston, the first named in this catalogue, died at Douay College, aged 66, after having been twenty years a prisoner in Wisbech Castle for his faith, and twice banished.
Source: Bishop Richard Challoner, Memoirs of Missionary Priests, Volume 2
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| Newgate Prison |
➡️ Torture of Catholics by government agents
As to the names and number of other Catholics, as well of the clergy as of the laity, who, under this same reign, were either deprived of their livings, or suffered loss of their estates, imprisonments, banishments, &c. for their religion; it is impossible to set them all down. Dr. Bridgewater, in a table published at the end of Concertatio Ecclesiæ Catholica, gives us the names of about twelve hundred, who had suffered in this manner, before the year 1588; that is, before the greatest heat of the persecution; and yet declares, that he is far from pretending to have named all, but only such whose sufferings had come to his knowledge. In this list there are three archbishops, (taking in two of Ireland); bishops consecrated, or elected, eighteen; one abbot; four whole convents of religious; thirteen deans; fourteen archdeacons; sixty prebendaries; five hundred and thirty priests; forty-nine doctors of divinity; eighteen doctors of the law; and fifteen masters of colleges; one queen; eight earls; ten lords; twenty-six knights; three hundred and twenty-six gentlemen; and about sixty ladies and gentlewomen. Many of these died in prison; and several under the sentence of death.
We shall here add, by way of conclusion of this first part, the names of those (who were not executed) whose sufferings for religion are briefly touched on in our memoirs.
Ailworth, an Irish gentleman, perishes in prison.
Arundel, Sir John, is cast into prison.
Arundel, Philip, Earl of, died in prison under sentence of death.
Barnet, Mr. is condemned to die.
Bennet, John, priest, imprisoned and tortured, and at last sent into banishment.
Bishop, William, priest, is imprisoned, and afterwards banished.
Bosgrave, James, priest, S. J. is sentenced to death, afterwards banished.
Canfield, Bennet, Capuchin, imprisoned, afterwards banished.
Catholics, prisoners in York castle, dragged to [government enforced] protestant sermons.
Chaplain, William, priest, dies in prison.
Clifton, Thomas, priest, is condemned to perpetual imprisonment.
Cooper, John, perishes through cruel treatment in the Tower.
Collins, John, bookseller, condemned to die.
Cornish, gentleman, cast into a premunire.
Cotesmore, Thomas, priest, perishes in prison.
Crowther, Thomas, priest, dies in prison.
Dymock, esq. champion of England, perishes in prison.
Feckenham, abbot of Westminster, dies in prison.
Fenn, Robert, priest, suffers prisons, racks, and banishment for his faith.
Harrison, John, priest, dies in prison.
Hart, John, priest, is condemned with Father Campion, is cruelly used in prison, and afterwards banished.
Hatton, Richard, priest, is condemned to perpetual imprisonment.
Holmes, Robert, priest, perishes in prison.
Hunt, Eleanore, is sentenced to die for harbouring a priest.
Jenks, Roland, is condemned to lose his ears.
Jetter, John, priest, dies in prison.
Lancashire gentlemen imprisoned for their catholic religion.
Lomax, James, priest, perishes in prison.
Maskew, Bridget, is condemned to be burnt.
Mettham, Thomas, priest, S. J. dies in prison.
Northumberland, Henry Percy, earl, is murdered in the Tower.
Norton, Mrs. is sentenced to death for relieving a priest.
Orton, Mr. is condemned with father Campion, afterwards banished.
Pounds, Thomas, esq. a great sufferer for catholic religion.
Pole, Edward, priest, dies in prison.
Priests, seventy, banished in 1585.
More priests banished in 1603.
Thirty committed prisoners to Wisbech castle.
Pugh, John, is condemned to die for his religion.
Pugh, Henry, gentleman, is cruelly tortured.
Rishton, Edward, priest, is condemned with Father Campion.
Shelley, esq. dies in the Marshalsea.
Sherton, Martin, priest, dies in prison.
Steile, James, priest, is banished and cruelly treated.
Tesse, Ann, is condemned to be burned, for persuading a minister to become a catholic.
Thimbleby, Gabriel, gent. dies in prison.
Tregian, Thomas, esq. is stripped of a plentiful estate, and condemned to perpetual imprisonment.
Tyrwhitt, William, esq. is hurried to prison under a violent fever, and dies in two days.
Typer, Mark, gent. is whipped through the city of London, and has his ears bored through with a hot iron.
Vaux, Lawrence, warden of Manchester, dies in prison
Wakeman, Roger, priest, perishes in prison.
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| Catholic priests and lay faithful were committed to gaols such as Marshalsea Prison |
⬅️ The Holy Martyrs of England and Wales
A Catalogue of Catholics that lost their Lives for their Loyalty:
The earl of Carnarvon, slain at Newbury, first battle,
Lord viscount Dunbar, at Scarbro and two of his sons wounded.
KNIGHTS.
Sir J. Smith, banneret, (who rescued the king's standard from the rebels at Edghill) slain at Alresford, in Hampshire.
J. Cansfield, wounded at Newbury, of which he died a lingering death.
H. Gage (governor of Oxford) slain at Collumbridge, January 11, 1644.
J. Digby, wounded at Taunton, and died at Bridgewater.
P. Brown, wounded at Naseby, died at Northampton.
Timothy Featherstone, killed at Chester
Nicholas Fortescue, knight of Malta, slain in Lancashire.
Troylus Turbevil, captain-lieutenant of the king's life-guard, slain upon his majesty's marching from Newark to Oxford.
J. Preston, wounded at Furnace, of which he died a lingering death.
Arthur Aston (governor of Redding) slain at Tredaugh in cold blood.
Thomas Tildesly, slain at Wigan.
H. Slingsby, beheaded on Tower Hill.
COLONELS.
Col. Thomas Howard (son of the lord William Howard), slain at Peirsbridge.
Thomas Howard (son of sir Francis) at Atherton-moor: the gaining of which battle was principally ascribed to his valour.
Thomas Morgan, of Weston, in Wickshire, slain at Newbury, first battle; he raised a regiment of horse for the king's own charge, and his estate was given to Mr. Pym's son.
Cuthbert Conniers, at Malpass.
T. Dalton, of Thurnham, mortally wounded at Newbury, second battle, and died at Marlborough.
Francis Hungate, slain at Chester. War-Poor, (governor of Berkley-castle) near Lidney.
William Ewre (son to the late lord Ewre) at Marston-moor.
Ral. Pudsey.
Cuth. Clifton, slain at Manchester Cas. Bental, at Stow in the Wolds.
Trollop, slain at Wigan.
William Bains, at Malpass.
William Walton, at Tredagh.
Richard Manning, at Alresford.
LIEUTNANT-COLONELS.
Lieut. Col. Thomas Markham, of Lerton, slain near Gainsborough.
Lanc. Holtby, at Branceford.
Haggerston, at Preston -Pavier, at Lincoln.
Jordan Metham, at Pontefract.
John Godfrey, at Tewksbury.
George Preston, at Bradford.
William Houghton, at Newbury.
Philip Howard, slain at Chester.
A. Middleton, at Hoptonheath, Michael Constable, Naseby Scot, Thomas Salvin, Richard Brown, A. Goodridge, wounded at and died at Oxford. Congrave, slain at Dean, in Gloucestershire.
SERJEANT-MAJORS.
Major Cusand, slain at the taking of Basing, in cold blood.
Rich. Harborn, wounded at Mal-pass, died at Kendal.
T. Vavasor, slain, at Marston Moor Panton, wounded at Cover, died at Highmeadow.
Lawr. Clifton, at Shelford-house. Thomas Heskith, at Malpass. William Leak, at Newbury. Rively, wounded at Naseby, died prisoner at London. Richard Sherburn, at Holmby, and Henly. R. Norwood, slain before Taunton.
Hudleston, slain at York. Thomas Ewre, at Newbury.
CAPTAINS.
Capt. Marmaduke Constable standard bearer to lieut.-Gen. Lindsey, slain at Edghill.
W. Laborn and M. Anderton, at Sheriff-Hutton, in Yorkshire. Joseph Constable, at Newbury.
Wiburn, slain at Basing, in cold blood.
Thomas Paston, slain at York, Henry Butler, slain at Brindle. Burgh, slain at Cover.
Thurston Anderton, wounded at Newbury, died at Oxford.
Haggarston, eldest son of sir Thomas, in Lancashire.
Anthony Rigby, at Basing-House.
Richard Bradford.
Kenelm Digby (eldest son of sir Kenelm Digby) raised a troop of horse at his own charge, and was slain at St Neot's.
Ratcliff Houghton, at Preston. Robert Molineux, of the Wood, in Lancashire, slain at Newbury.
Charles Thimelby, at Worcester, Robert Townsend, at Edge-Hill, Matthew Ratcliff, near Henley, Richard Wolfe, at Newbury. Anthony and Thomas Cole, at Newark. Pattison, at Wigan. Maximilian Nelson, at Marstan Moor. Francis Godfrey, slain at Sherburn. Thomas Meynel, at Pontefract. John Clifton. at Shelford House. Abraham Lance.
R. Lance, at Rowton in Cheshire Anth, Hamerton, near Manchester W. Symcots, Capt.-Lient. to lord Piercy, slain at Newbury.
Thomas Singleton, at Newbury, Francis Errington, of Denton, in Northumberland, at Rotheram.
George Singleton, and Michael Fitzakerly, at Liverpool. Daniel Thorold, at Naseby. Francis Clifton, at Newbury.
John Lance, at Islip.
George Cassey, at Hereford.
Langdale, at Greekhovel in Wales.
Carver, in Monmouthshire.
John Lingen, at Ledbury.
Samways, at Newbury.
John Plumton, slain at York.
Peter Forcer.
Thos. Whittingham, at Newbury.
Winkley, at Liverpool.
Thomas Anderton.
Richard Walmsly, at Ormschurck.
J. Singlehurst and J. Butler, at Marston Moor.
George Holden, at Usk.
Richard Latham, at Litchfield.
Thomas Charnock.
Robert Dent, at Newcastle.
T. Heskith & J. Knipe, at Brindle.
Thomas Eccleston.
J. Hothersal & Nic. Anderton.
Anthony Girlington, at Lancaster.
Francis Rous, in Dean Forest.
Randolph Wallinger, at Cover.
Chris. Wray, slain at Bradford Robert Rookwood, at Oxford.
William Rookwood. at Alresford.
Hoskins, slain at Lidney in cold blood.
Phil. Darcey.
Wil. Jones, at Ragland.
Henry Wells, wounded at Newbury, died in prison at London.
Richardson, slain before Taunton.
Thos. Madden, slain in Wood-Street by the fanatics, Jan. 1660.
➡️ George Nicols, apprehended at the St Catharine's Wheel Pub in Oxford
INFERIOR-OFFICERS.
James Bradford.
Thomas Kinsman, at Lincoln.
John Birch, at Birmingham.
Lieutn. W. Butler, slain at Newbury.
Richard Osbalston, at Leeds.
George Hothersal, at Liverpool.
Wil, Girlington.
John Kulcheth, at Wirral.
Wil. Singleton, at Marston.
Staley, at Rashall Hall.
W. Culcheth, at Newbury.
Deinton, at Cardiff.
Peter Boardman, at Bradford Short, slain near Gloucester.
Rich. Bradford, at Blechington.
Robert Lance, in Cheshire.
Edward Walker, at Burton.
Miles Lochard, at Gooderidge.
GENTLEMEN-VOLUNTEERS.
Messrs. Ed. Talbot, brother to the now earl of Shrewsbury, slain at Maraton Moor.
Lewis Blount, at Manchester.
C.Towaly & C. Sherburn.
Nicholas Thimelby, at Bristote Pool, of Wirral.
John Typper, at Newtown.
Chris. Blount.
Theodore Morise.
Gerard Salvin.
Francis Darcey.
Wiburn, at Basing.
Robert Bowles, at Basing.
Wil. Stoner, at Basing.
Price, of Washingley, slain at Lincoln, in cold blood.
Cuth. Rateliff, slain at Newcastle.
Thomas Latham, at Newark.
Andrew Giffard, at Hampton.
Richard Sebourne, at Ragland.
William Alsley, at Wigan.
Carey & Gennings, at Shelford House.
James Anderton, in Wales.
Thomas Roper, at Gootheridge.
Stephen Pudsey, in Holderness.
Francis Pavier, at Marston.
James Banton, at Cover.
Thomas Pendrel, at Stowe.
Boniface Kemp & Ildephonse Hesketh, slain near York, in cold blood.
Michael Wharton. at Scarborough.
Errington, at Chester.
T.Westby, doc. of physics, at Preston.
Peter Davis, at Denbigh.
Edward Davis, at Chester.
Roger Wood, at Chester.
Henry Lawson, at Melton.
T. Craithorn the elder, at Uphaven.
Henry Johnson.
Three sons of Mr. Kirby, at Radcliffe.
John Witham, at Preston William Selby, at Preston.
Maj. Gen. Web, dreadfully wounded at Newbury by case-shot.
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| A modern photograph of the Tower of London, where many Catholics were imprisoned |
➡️ John Gerard, author of "The Autobiography of a Hunted Priest"
The Names of such Catholics whose Estates both real and personal, were sold, in pursuance of an Act made by the Rump, July 16, 1651, for their pretended delinquency, that is, for adhering to their King:
John, lord marquis of Winchester, who so valiantly defended Basing House.
H. Slingsby, beheaded at Tower Hill, and estate sold.
Henry, lord marquis of Worcester, who lost at least 300,000l.
Francis, lord Cottington.
Lord John Somerset.
Marmaduke, lord Langdale & son.
Sirs. J. Winter, who so stoutly defended Lidney-House.
T. Tildesly, slain, & estate sold.
Other Catholics, whose Estates were sold by an additional Rump Act, made Aug. 4, 1652.
Piercy Herbert, now lord Powis.
Francis Howard.
Henry Bedingfield.
Arthur Aston, governor of Reading.
Thomas Haggarston.
Esqrs. Roger Bodenham, Charles Townly, Rowland Eyre, Peter Pudsey.
John Giffard.
H. lord viscount Dunbar & son.
Sir William Vavasor.
Sir Edward Ratcliffe.
Esqrs. Thomas Clifton, Peter Gifford of Chillington.
Walter Fowler of St Thomas.
Thomas Brook of Madely.
Francis Biddulph of Biddulph, William Middleton of Stockton.
Lance Errington.
Henry Errington.
John Jones of Dingestow.
John Weston.
Phil. Hungate.
Gents. Robert Dolman, Richard Massey, George Smith, Ralph Pudsey.
Nicholas Errington.
More Catholics, whose Estates were sold by another Rump Act, made Nov. 18, 1652.
Henry lord Arundel of Wardor, who raised a regt. of horse for the king, and whose castle of Wardor was so gallantly defended.
Edw. Widdrington.
E. Hungerford.
Henry lord Morley & Monteagle.
William lord Ewre.
William lord Powis, who kept long his castle of Powis against the enemy, & afterwards was taken in it; and thereupon was kept a great while prisoner at Stafford and died in durance at London.
Charles lord Somerset
Sirs. Walter Blount, long a prisoner in the Tower.
Richard Titchburn
C. Blount, slain also by one of his own captains.
J. Clavering, died prisoner at London.
John Cansfield.
John Thimbelby of Irnham.
Philip Constable.
Edward Plumpton.
N. Thornton, who raised a troop of horse at his own charge.
Esqrs. Hugh Anderton of Exton, Thomas Langtree of Langires.
William Houghton.
William Hesketh.
William Latham.
Thomas Singleton.
John Westby.
Edward Charlton.
Esqrs. William Sheldon of Bentley, William Gage of Bentley.
Thomas Clavering.
John Plumpton.
Marmaduke Holby.
Henry Englefield.
Robert Wigmore.
Robert Cramblington.
William Sherburn.
John Constable.
Richard Latham.
William Bawd.
James Anderton of Birchley.
Thomas Singleton.
John Talbot.
Nicholas Fitzakerly.
John Piercy.
Thomas Acton, of Burton.
Thomas Gillibrand.
Thomas Grimshaw.
Ralph Rishton & Wil. Floyer, gent.
Richard Chorley, of Chorley.
James Anderton of Cleyton.
William Anderton, of Anderton, Esq. with many others.
Source: Bishop Richard Challoner, Memoirs of Missionary Priests, Volume 1
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